DC Motor Interfacing With PIC Microcontroller Using L293 Motor Driver IC

L293d is an H Bridge bidirectional motor driver IC used to interface DC motor and stepper motors to Microcontrollers.

CircuitsGallery.com already discussed about the working principle of L293 IC with an example of bidirectional motor driver circuit.

It is very easy to make a DC motor control using microcontroller. In this article I’m gonna show you the interfacing of DC motor with PIC16F877A microcontroller using L293D motor driver with the help of Mikro C coding and Proteus 8 simulation. Basically it is a bidirectional motor driver circuit with PIC MCU.

This is the most common circuit in robotics engineering. I’m sure this article will be helpful for PIC MCU beginners.

Read More

PWM DC Motor Speed Controller Circuit Using PIC16F877A Microcontroller

In our last PIC online tutorial we have covered PWM generation using PIC Microcontroller. As I told earlier PWM has wide application in electronics and robotics engineering.

In this article I’m gonna show you one of the important applications of PWM in Robotics, it is called Pulse Width Modulation motor speed control.

The method of generation of PWM signal is the same as before and this signal is applied to the Enable terminal of L293 motor driver IC. L293 is an H bridge motor controller IC capable of driving 2 Motor loads at a time.

Below is the detailed description of dc motor speed control using PWM technique with Proteus simulation and video demonstration.

Read More

Ring Counter Circuit Working Principle with Animation and Video

Digital counters have several applications in electronics circuits. Counters in digital electronics are used at different situations. Here we are going to deliver the idea of a Ring counter circuit, which is a register counter. Working animation and circuit simulation video of ring counter are also given along with this article. A ring counter is formed by feeding the output of a shift register to its own input.

Read More

How to connect relay: Relays working with animation

What is a relay? How can we connect relay to a circuit? What is relay driver? These are some of the common doubts of an electronics beginner. Don’t worry, here CG will guide you with the basic concepts and working of relays..!

Relays were invented in 1835 by an American scientist Joseph Henry. You can turn on larger electrical machines and electrical appliances by sensor currents with the help of relays. When the relay coil is energized by a small current, the coil will attract a common contact to another contact making the circuit closed.

Relay has wide varieties of applications in different industries. We have discussed many circuit applications making use of relay like automatic water tank level controller and clap switch using 555 timer.

Read More

MOSFET working: Animation with Java applet simulation

MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) are of four different types or modes. They may be enhancement or depletion mode, may be N channel or P channel. How does a MOSFET work? Here i-St@r provides Java applet tutorial of N channel enhancement mode MOSFETs. This article explains the exact working principle of MOSFET with an interactive animation using java applet technology (MOSFET working animation).

MOSFETs are used in your motherboards, for example to generate CPU Voltage, memory Voltage etc. So it is essential for an electronic hobbyist to know the working of a MOSFET. MOSFETs are voltage controlled power devices whereas bipolar transistors are current controlled devices. Gate controlling is clearly demonstrated in this java applet example of MOSFET.

Read More

What is Java applet? How it is useful to study and simulate Electronics

Are you interested to study basic electronics principle and concepts, circuits with interactive animations? Yes, this is possible via java applet technology. What is java applet? A java applet is a program written in java programming language that can be integrated in a HTML page, in the same way as an image is incorporated in a web page.

Java is a programming language which was developed at Sun Microsystems in 1990. Applets are used to make the website more dynamic and entertaining. They are designed to run inside a web browser and to perform some tasks such as animated graphics, simulation of circuits and interactive tools. To view a java applet, you need to install Java plug-in and Adobe Flash player (both download link are given).

Read More

Water quality checker project simple circuit diagram

How to measure water purity? How to test water quality using a simple electronics project? You can perform water purity measurement and water quality analysis using this water purity checker circuit. This circuit is built around a simple LDR (Light Depended Resistor) and some discrete components. The most attractive feature of our water purity tester is that it gives a beep sound when the water purity level goes below a threshold value. You can implement this simple electronic project in your domestic water tank for water quality monitoring and testing.

The detailed circuit diagram and constructional details of water quality testing device are given in this article. Also you can integrate this with our previous circuit of water tank level controller, the resulting circuit will be an advanced engineering project. When the amount of mud in the water reservoir exceeds a threshold value, our water quality testing equipment starts producing a beep sound to alert us that the quantity of mud in the water has increased and needs a cleaning.

Read More

Water tank overflow liquid level sensor alarm circuit

Water tank overflow liquid level sensor alarm circuit is a simple electronics project for school students. In the previous articles we had discussed about numeric water level indicator and water level controller circuit ,but those circuits are much complex and are advanced projects for engineering students. The circuit schematic for water tank over flow alarm is shown below. It produces a beep sound when the water tank  is completely filled by water.

The advantage of this project circuit is that it saves water from accidental over flow. The circuit simply consists of a liquid (water) level sensor or water level detector with BC547 transistors. Any electronics hobbyist can implement this circuit at your home or work places at a cheap rate ($0.5). The heart of this water over flow circuit is  the transistor switching part. So this circuit always prevents the wastage of water when you forget to switch OFF the motor pump set after switch ON.

Read More

High Current Transistor Switch for DC Motor Control Circuit

One of our previous articles explained about the working of transistor acts as switch, but that circuit was suitable only for logic level (to generate 0 or 1) and LED applications.  For applications with inductive loads (high current, high power) such as DC motors, relays we need another version of transistor switch circuit. Large current flow through the device is essential for power electronics applications. In this article we are going to explain about the basic working of transistor switching for inductive loads (relay, motor).This circuit is also called motor driver circuit or relay driver circuit if the motor in the below circuit diagram is replaced by a relay. We have also provided a small animation for better understanding of the working.

Read More

Johnson digital counter circuit diagram using D flip flop 7474 (3 bit/4 bit) with animation/ simulation

The Johnson digital counter or Twisted Ring Counter is a synchronous shift register with feedback from the inverted output (Q’) of the last flip-flop. Q’ of the last flip flop is connected back to the input D of the first flip-flop. This inversion of Q before it is fed back to input D causes the counter to "count" in a special way. Animation/ simulation of this Johnson counter circuit is also given in this article.You can create simple dancing LED effects using this synchronous Johnson digital counter .The main benefit of this type of counter is that it only needs half the number of flip flops compared to that of standard ring counter to represent many states. So an n-stage Johnson counter givies a sequence of 2n different states and can therefore be treated as a "Mod 2n counter" whereas an n-stage ring counter has only n states that is "Mod n counter".

Read More

H Bridge motor driver theory & practical circuit using transistors- animation/ simulation: Getting started with Robotics

What is H Bridge driver circuit? How to build an H Bridge circuit? H Bridge is a topic of great discussion in Robotics engineering and automation and H bridge motor (driver) controllers are the most common circuit for many robotics hobbyists. Further H Bridge driver circuits are the initial step of getting started with robotics (how to make robots? build a robot, etc). This Transistor H Bridge tutorial is devoted to the theory and practical construction of simple H bridges for controlling DC motors. An H-bridge is a type of driver circuit that you can use to spin a DC motor both clockwise and counterclockwise. H Bridge ICs are also available, L293 dual H Bridge IC is used in many robotic applications.

Read More

Transistor act as a switch: DC Motor control (driver) circuit with animation

In one of the previous article we had already discussed about How transistor acts as switch? Here is another example of bipolar junction transistor BJT switching. In this case we will study a high voltage switching circuit i.e. how a transistor act as a switch for cutting flow of current when a high voltage flows. Today BJT switches are common in many electronic circuits and control systems. The main application of 'transistor act as a switch' is in the automation field.This example article explains how a transistor can control a DC motor. Animated working of transistor switch is also given for better understanding.

Read More

Numeric water level indicator- liquid level sensor circuit diagram with 7 segment display - Engineering project

Water level indicator circuit or liquid level sensor displays the current level of water in any water tank reservoir. Here we use a simple real time encoding circuit with 7 segment display. It can also be used as a water level meter or water level detector. Combining this project with our previous post ‘Automatic water tank level controller’ will give a complete automated control system for home and industries. This water level sensor consist of 8 to 3 encoder (74148- 8 line to 3 line priority encoder) with some water sensor arrangement. The encoded level is displayed on a 7 segment digital display. This circuit uses one 'Hex display', it does't require driver IC to encode. It makes the implementation simple. You can use '7 segment display' with appropriate driver IC 7447.

Read More

Automatic water tank level controller motor driver circuit- Engineering project without Microcontroller

Automatic water level controller circuit is a simple engineering project. It can automatically switch ON and OFF the domestic water pump set depending on the tank water level. You can implement this motor driver circuit at your home or college using less costly components. The approximated cost of the project is about $5 only. The main advantage of this water level controller circuit is that it automatically controls the water pump without any user interaction.

Read More